Hazelnut
Hazelnut pollination occurs in winter: pollen is dispersed by wind at temperatures as low as –15°C.
Hazelnut is one of the oldest cultivated plants, with humans growing it for over three thousand years. It originates from temperate regions of Europe and Asia, where it still occurs in the wild. This deciduous shrub has adapted well to the European climate and become a favourite among gardeners across the continent. Unpredictable yet reliable — that's the best way to describe hazelnut in the garden.
Hazelnut is easy to recognize: a compact shrub with a rounded crown, smooth grey-brown bark, and oval leaves. In early spring, before the leaves unfold, long catkins appear — these begin to pollinate as early as February and March in frost conditions, dispersing pollen far and wide on the wind. The nuts ripen by September and October, nestled in characteristic leafy husks that give them a distinctive appearance. There are many varieties, from wild hazel to the more productive filbert — the growing techniques are virtually identical.
In the garden, hazelnut is a multifunctional plant. It looks splendid in hedgerows, group plantings, and as a solitary feature on the lawn. Good companions include English walnut, aronia, and redcurrant, which together create a lively, productive garden corner. Hazelnut makes no demands of the soil, loves sunny spots but tolerates partial shade, and requires only moderate watering and light pruning of old stems.
And here's the most fascinating part: hazelnut pollination is a winter phenomenon. When temperatures drop to –15°C outside, the catkins suddenly 'awaken' and actively disperse pollen. This is an evolutionary trick, as early pollination gives the tree more time to develop fruit. If you have the space in your garden and enjoy homegrown nuts, hazelnut is the answer to your wishes.
Hazelnut — planting & location
Dense shrub, easily propagated, nuts have excellent flavour
How to water Hazelnut
Moderate watering
Fertilizing and pruning: Hazelnut
Remove 4–5 of the oldest shoots